The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) administers the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs (FWDTP) as specified by Executive Order 12564 and delineated in the Federal Register Vol. 53 FR 11970-11989 and Vol. 59 FR 29908-29931. Current employees, and those seeking employment, under the auspices of the FWDTP, or other federally mandated programs (e.g. DOT, DOE, NRC, and FHWA) are all subject to testing for drugs-of-abuse in urine (DAU) and Specimen Validity Testing (adulteration). It is known that a significant number of unwilling participants in workplace drug testing programs attempt to substitute, modify or adulterate their urine samples in order to prevent detection of illicit drug use. Adulteration methods include the addition of foreign substances to the urine sample or dilution of said sample. Dilution may be “in vitro” (i.e. addition of water directly to the sample) or “in vivo” (i.e. consumption of large volumes of liquid one to three hours prior to collection of the sample. Both forms of dilution decrease the concentration of drug in the test subject’s urine. In vivo dilution is usually aided by consumption of a diuretic and “B” vitamins to color the urine yellow.